[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1503935463345{padding-top: 40px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_custom_heading text=”Open Data, Transparency and Boundary Delimitation in Mexico: Public Mapping Project Mexico” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:48px|text_align:left|color:%23000000|line_height:48px” google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_separator color=”black” align=”align_left” border_width=”4″ el_width=”40″ css=”.vc_custom_1503938354313{padding-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column_text]The various claims and protests of civil society that have taken place in Mexico during the in the last decade expose the urgent need to strengthen the tie between citizens and their representatives. From our perspective, the generation and use of information to shrink this gap is a priority for governance and for strengthening our young democracy. The formation of electoral boundaries is key to achieving a better political representation. It is a highly complex task that involves several challenges —geographical, statistical, computer technicalities, among the most recognizable— and thus, it is easy to delegate it to specialists and lose sight of how important it is for political representation. The public mapping project offers the possibility to make redistricting a more transparent and inclusive process. It offers a web-based, open source, platform to anyone who is interested in boundary delimitation to participate in the process. It is as simple and intuitive as the mapping technology offered by Google maps.
Boundary delimitation requires a big amount of information that comes from different federal and local agencies, as well as from autonomous institutions, both centralized and decentralized. In the case of Mexico, for instance, the census data to determine where Mexicans live and the administrative cartography of the national territory is generated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI); information on roads, highways entities, and municipalities to estimate travel times comes from the Ministry of Communications and Transportation (SCT); and information on the location and concentration of indigenous population to comply with Article 2 of Mexico’s constitution is generated by the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (CDI). Although this information is public, not all of is at the disposal of citizens and, the one that is, lacks an accessible format that facilitates its use and citizens’ to participate in the process. As a result, citizens interested in the process face many obstacles when trying to evaluate, analyze, reuse, or share such information. In sum, the boundary delimitation process is not up to the standards of open government. With such limitations, the boundary delimitation process in Mexico is characterized by its lack of transparency and inclusiveness.
The paradox is today, using the developments in information and mapping technologies, it is possible to meet the goals set out in the global agenda of open government. Each of the guiding principles found in Mexico’s “Decree that regulates Open Data in Mexico” is perfectly compatible with the principles behind the idea of promoting transparency and citizen participation in boundary delimitation processes. Both projects seek to actively promote: a) an open data catalogue, free and open information structured to be automatically readable by digital equipments; b) data that is structured and linked together; c) new sources of information explaining public data and available resources; d) digital public data that is easily accessible online, and that can be used, reused and redistributed by any interested party; and e) available data in an open format, where the set of technical characteristics that corresponds to the structure utilized to generate and store the data in a digital file is also available to the public.
How can we accomplish it?
The public mapping project Mexico (PMP-Mexico) seeks to create a public space where anyone can participate freely in the redistricting process at the federal and local level. On one side, the platform invites civil society to get involved in the design of federal and local electoral boundaries and, on the other side, it seeks to increase transparency in the redistricting process. Through a digital platform that can be hosted by the electoral authority, a nongovernmental organization, or academic institutions, citizens can have access to the information related to the redistricting process (standards, stages, concepts, indicators), they can draw their own districts, evaluate the current scenarios, compare proposed plans offered by different actors (electoral bureaucrats, courts, parties or other citizens), and make their suggestions to the electoral authority. By making use of new information and mapping technologies, this project helps society interact with public institutions, improve the quality of representation and promotes the development of democratic culture. In sum, the PPR-Mexico looks to enrich the democratic life in Mexico by shrinking the gap between its citizens, its representatives, and the institutions in which they coexist.
[/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=”Electoral map of the State of Mexico at the Municipal Level” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23000000|line_height:28px” google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_single_image image=”1070″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]
Why is it important to connect the redistricting process with the open government strategy?
The PPR-Mexico is a digital platform that is capable of being hosted by any institution (public, academic, or nongovernmental) through the use of a website.
It allows citizens to have more and better information. At the same time it opens a window that allows citizens and minority groups to get involved and participate in the redistricting process.
It brings transparency to the process and forces electoral authorities to adopt clear and consistent redistricting criteria, procedures, and rules.
It allows citizens, vulnerable groups, communities, local authorities, and political parties to manifest their interests through a public platform that guarantees access for all users.
It allows electoral authorities to have more and better information regarding local and community interests throughout the country. It allows authorities to be aware of social needs at different levels (blocks, neighborhoods, counties, states).
It gives electoral authorities the opportunity to receive feedback from the community and mapping proposals that could improve their own scenarios (based on their own criteria) using an automated ranking system.
It offers certainty to the different actors involved in the process (parties, authorities, citizens) by providing a tool that allows them to evaluate, compare, observe and follow different plans in a public context. [/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=”Electoral map of the State of Mexico at the Census Tract Level” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23000000|line_height:28px” google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_single_image image=”1071″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center”][vc_separator color=”black” align=”align_left” border_width=”4″ el_width=”40″ css=”.vc_custom_1503938354313{padding-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column_text]About the Authors
Alejandro Trelles ([email protected]) is Assistant Professor of Politics at Brandeis University. His research interests are the organizational design of public institutions, democracy, and governability in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. He has worked for the National Electoral Institute (INE) in Mexico and as an independent consultant in constituency boundary delimitation for the Organization of American States (OAS). He served as an advisor to the General Council and the Technical Committee on Redistricting at the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE). He has fieldwork and boundary delimitation experience in Mexico, Venezuela, Ghana, Kenya, and Suriname, and St. Kitts and Nevis. Moreover, he has published extensively on redistricting and the use of optimization algorithms for boundary delimitation. He is a co-principal investigator in the Public Mapping Project.
Contact Information: Brandeis University, 415 South Street. Waltham, MA 02453-2728. Olin-Sang American Civilization Center, 111. Tel: +1(781) 736 2748
Micah Altman ([email protected]) is Director of Research and Head/Scientist, Program on Information Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In turn, he is an external consultant at the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC. He previously served for over 15 years as Associate Director of the Harvard -MIT Center Data Archive Director Henry A. Murray, and Principal Investigator at the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University. He has been awarded for developing various tools and technological applications for research in the social sciences and is recognized in the international academic community for his work on the issues of information science, redistricting, computer science, statistics, computer science, political science, among other disciplines. He is a co-principal investigator in the Public Mapping Project.
Contact Information: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), E25-131, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139. Tel: +1(585)4664224. http://micahaltman.com/
Eric Magar ([email protected]) Eric Magar is Professor of Political Science at Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM). He holds a PhD in political science from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). He specializes in the comparative study of political institutions and electoral processes. His work has appeared in the American Political Science Review ( APSR ), the Journal of Politics (JOP), and Electoral Studies (ES).
Contact Information: ITAM, Rio Hondo #1, Progreso Tizapan, Mexico, D.F., 01080. Tel: +52(55)6284000.
Michael P. McDonald ([email protected]) is Associate Professor of Political Science at University of Florida and an external consultant in the Brookings Institution in Washington DC. Additionally, he is a doctor in political science by the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and has performed as a specialist and witness to different redistricting processes implemented by different legislatures in the United States. At the same time, He has served as a consultant to authorities in charge of tracing district line in different states and has published several academic articles on redistricting and statistical computing programs in the social sciences.
Contact Information: The University of Florida, Gainsville. 234 Anderson Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611. Tel: +1(352)3920262. http://polisci.ufl.edu/michael-mcdonald/[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_empty_space height=”20px”][vc_custom_heading text=”“We are trying to make redistricting a more transparent and inclusive process in Mexico and around the world“” font_container=”tag:h4|text_align:center|color:%23000000″ google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_custom_heading text=”- Alejandro Trelles” font_container=”tag:h5|text_align:center|color:%23000000″ google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_separator color=”black” border_width=”4″ el_width=”40″ css=”.vc_custom_1539621150266{padding-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_empty_space height=”20px”][vc_custom_heading text=”What is the Public Mapping Project Mexico?” font_container=”tag:h5|text_align:center|color:%23000000″ google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”20px”][vc_custom_heading text=”DistrictBuilder: Open Source, Collaborative Redistricting Software” font_container=”tag:h5|text_align:center|color:%23000000″ google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”20px”][vc_custom_heading text=”DistrictBuilder Tutorial – Session 2: Using the “Set Map Layers“ and “Map Editing“ toolbars” font_container=”tag:h5|text_align:center|color:%23000000″ google_fonts=”font_family:Abel%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal”][vc_column_text][/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space height=”150px”][vc_empty_space height=”150px”][/vc_column][/vc_row]